Physics – Condensed Matter – Soft Condensed Matter
Scientific paper
2000-02-07
Physics
Condensed Matter
Soft Condensed Matter
4 pages, 7 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett
Scientific paper
10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.4160
3D Computer simulations and experiments are employed to study random packings of compressible spherical grains under external confining stress. Of particular interest is the rigid ball limit, which we describe as a continuous transition in which the applied stress vanishes as (\phi-\phi_c)^\beta, where \phi is the (solid phase) volume density. This transition coincides with the onset of shear rigidity. The value of \phi_c depends, for example, on whether the grains interact via only normal forces (giving rise to random close packings) or by a combination of normal and friction generated transverse forces (producing random loose packings). In both cases, near the transition, the system's response is controlled by localized force chains. As the stress increases, we characterize the system's evolution in terms of (1) the participation number, (2) the average force distribution, and (3) visualization techniques.
Johnson David L.
Makse Hernan A.
Schwartz Lawrence M.
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