Output spectrum of a measuring device at arbitrary voltage and temperature

Details Output spectrum of a measuring device at arbitrary voltage and temperature Output spectrum of a measuring device at arbitrary voltage and temperature

2003-11-13

arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0311325v3

Europhys. Lett., 67 (5), pp. 840-846 (2004)

Physics

Condensed Matter

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics

7 pages, 5 figures, the results generalized for arbitrary angle between the magnetic field and the observed component of the s

Scientific paper

10.1209/epl/i2003-10309-6

We calculate the noise spectrum of the electrical current in a quantum point contact which is used for continuous measurements of a two-level system (qubit). We generalize the previous results obtained for the regime of high transport voltages (when $V$ is much larger than the qubit's energy level splitting $B$ (we put $e=\hbar=1$)) to the case of arbitrary voltages and temperatures. When $V \sim B$ the background output spectrum is essentially asymmetric in frequency, i.e., it is no longer classical. Yet, the spectrum of the amplified signal, i.e., the two coherent peaks at $\omega=\pm B$ is still symmetric. In the emission (negative frequency) part of the spectrum the coherent peak can be 8 times higher than the background pedestal. Alternatively, this ratio can be seen in the directly measureable {\it excess} noise. For $V < B$ and T=0 the coherent peaks do not appear at all. We relate these results to the properties of linear amplifiers.

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