Non-equilibrium two-phase coexistence in a confined granular layer

Details Non-equilibrium two-phase coexistence in a confined granular layer Non-equilibrium two-phase coexistence in a confined granular layer

2003-12-09

arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0312232v3

Physics

Condensed Matter

Soft Condensed Matter

4 pages, 3 figures, RevTex4 format

Scientific paper

10.1103/PhysRevE.70.050301

We report the observation of the homogenous nucleation of crystals in a dense layer of steel spheres confined between two horizontal plates vibrated vertically. Above a critical vibration amplitude, two-layer crystals with square symmetry were found to coexist in steady state with a surrounding granular liquid. By analogy to equilibrium hard sphere systems, the phase behavior can be explained through entropy maximization. However, dramatic non-equilibrium effects are present, including a significant difference in the granular temperatures of the two phases.

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