Physics – Condensed Matter – Strongly Correlated Electrons
Scientific paper
2008-03-15
Physics
Condensed Matter
Strongly Correlated Electrons
13 pages. RevTeX4
Scientific paper
10.1103/PhysRevB.78.155134
We study several different $Z_2$ topological ordered states in frustrated spin systems. The effective theories for those different Z_2 topological orders all have the same form -- a Z_2 gauge theory which can also be written as a mutual U(1) x U(1) Chern-Simons theory. However, we find that the different Z_2 topological orders are reflected in different projective realizations of lattice symmetry in the same effective mutual Chern-Simons theory. This result is obtained by comparing the ground-state degeneracy, the ground-state quantum numbers, the gapless edge state, and the projective symmetry group of quasi-particles calculated from the slave-particle theory and from the effective mutual Chern-Simons theories. Our study reveals intricate relations between topological order and symmetry.
Kou Su-Peng
Levin Michael
Wen Xiao Gang
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