Physics – Condensed Matter – Materials Science
Scientific paper
2008-10-21
Physics
Condensed Matter
Materials Science
19 pages, 2 figures, iopart
Scientific paper
The Bertaut approach associated with charge spreading so as to enhance the rate of convergence of Coulomb series in crystals is extended to the case of an arbitrary multiple spreading with a given initial spreading function. It is shown that the effect of spreading may in general be treated as a uniform transformation of space, providing that zero mean potential as a universal spatial property is sustained. As a result, electrostatic potentials driven by different orders of multiple spreading can be obtained from the same energy functional in a consistent manner. It is found that the effect of multiple spreading gives rise to more advanced forms described, for example, by simple exponential decrease, but the functional description based on a Gaussian spreading turns out to be invariant. In addition, the effects of a multiple charge spreading based on simple exponential and Gaussian spreading functions are compared as typical of molecular calculations.
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