Model for Density Waves in Gravity-Driven Granular Flow in Narrow Pipes

Details Model for Density Waves in Gravity-Driven Granular Flow in Narrow Pipes Model for Density Waves in Gravity-Driven Granular Flow in Narrow Pipes

2010-01-05

arxiv.org/abs/1001.0669v2

Physical Review E 81, 061302 (2010)

Physics

Condensed Matter

Soft Condensed Matter

5 pages, 4 figures. Minor changes. Final version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. E

Scientific paper

10.1103/PhysRevE.81.061302

A gravity-driven flow of grains through a narrow pipe in vacuum is studied by means of a one-dimensional model with two coefficients of restitution. Numerical simulations show clearly how density waves form when a strikingly simple criterion is fulfilled: that dissipation due to collisions between the grains and the walls of the pipe is greater per collision than that which stems from collisions between particles. Counterintuitively, the highest flow rate is observed when the number of grains per density wave grows large. We find strong indication that the number of grains per density wave always approaches a constant as the particle number tends to infinity, and that collapse to a single wave, which was often observed also in previous simulations, occurs because the number of grains is insufficient for multiple wave formation.

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