Metallic and Insulating Phases of Repulsively Interacting Fermions in a 3D Optical Lattice

Details Metallic and Insulating Phases of Repulsively Interacting Fermions in a 3D Optical Lattice Metallic and Insulating Phases of Repulsively Interacting Fermions in a 3D Optical Lattice

2008-09-09

arxiv.org/abs/0809.1464v1

Science, Vol. 322, p.1520-1525 (2008)

Physics

Condensed Matter

Strongly Correlated Electrons

21 pages, 5 figures and additional supporting material

Scientific paper

10.1126/science.1165449

The fermionic Hubbard model plays a fundamental role in the description of strongly correlated materials. Here we report on the realization of this Hamiltonian using a repulsively interacting spin mixture of ultracold $^{40}$K atoms in a 3D optical lattice. We have implemented a new method to directly measure the compressibility of the quantum gas in the trap using in-situ imaging and independent control of external confinement and lattice depth. Together with a comparison to ab-initio Dynamical Mean Field Theory calculations, we show how the system evolves for increasing confinement from a compressible dilute metal over a strongly-interacting Fermi liquid into a band insulating state. For strong interactions, we find evidence for an emergent incompressible Mott insulating phase.

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