Master curves for the stress tensor invariants in stationary states of static granular beds. Implications for the thermodynamic phase space

Details Master curves for the stress tensor invariants in stationary states of static granular beds. Implications for the thermodynamic phase space Master curves for the stress tensor invariants in stationary states of static granular beds. Implications for the thermodynamic phase space

2011-05-24

arxiv.org/abs/1105.4874v2

Papers in Physics 3, 030004 (2011)

Physics

Condensed Matter

Soft Condensed Matter

13 pages, 14 figures

Scientific paper

10.4279/PIP.030004

We prepare static granular beds under gravity in different stationary states by tapping the system with pulsed excitations of controlled amplitude and duration. The macroscopic state---defined by the ensemble of static configurations explored by the system tap after tap---for a given tap intensity and duration is studied in terms of volume, V, and force moment tensor, \Sigma. In a previous paper [Pugnaloni et al., Phys. Rev. E 82, 050301(R) (2010)], we reported evidence supporting that such macroscopic states cannot be fully described by using only V or \Sigma, apart from the number of particles N. In this work, we present an analysis of the fluctuations of these variables that indicates that V and \Sigma may be sufficient to define the macroscopic states. Moreover, we show that only one of the invariants of \Sigma is necessary, since each component of \Sigma falls onto a master curve when plotted as a function of Tr(\Sigma). This implies that these granular assemblies have a common shape for the stress tensor, even though it does not correspond to the hydrostatic type. Although most results are obtained by molecular dynamics simulations, we present supporting experimental results.

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