Low-speed impact craters in loose granular media

Details Low-speed impact craters in loose granular media Low-speed impact craters in loose granular media

2003-01-28

arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0301549v2

Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 194301 (2003)

Physics

Condensed Matter

Soft Condensed Matter

experiment; 4 pages, 3 figures

Scientific paper

10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.194301

We report on craters formed by balls dropped into dry, non-cohesive, granular media. By explicit variation of ball density $\rho_{b}$, diameter $D_{b}$, and drop height $H$, the crater diameter is confirmed to scale as the 1/4 power of the energy of the ball at impact: $D_{c}\sim(\rho_{b}{D_{b}}^{3}H)^{1/4}$. Against expectation, a different scaling law is discovered for the crater depth: $d\sim({\rho_{b}}^{3/2}{D_{b}}^{2}H)^{1/3}$. The scaling with properties of the medium is also established. The crater depth has significance for granular mechanics in that it relates to the stopping force on the ball.

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