Physics – Condensed Matter – Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Scientific paper
1999-02-12
Phys. Rev. B 60, 2375 (1999).
Physics
Condensed Matter
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
17 pages, 8 figures
Scientific paper
10.1103/PhysRevB.60.2375
We consider a current-carrying, phase-coherent multi-probe conductor to which a small tunneling contact is attached. We treat the conductor and the tunneling contact as a phase-coherent entity and use a Green's function formulation of the scattering approach. We show that the average current and the current fluctuations at the tunneling contact are determined by an effective local non-equilibrium distribution function. This function characterizes the distribution of charge-carriers (or quasi-particles) inside the conductor. It is an exact quantum-mechanical expression and contains the phase-coherence of the particles via local partial densities of states, called injectivities. The distribution function is analyzed for different systems in the zero-temperature limit as well as at finite temperature. Furthermore, we investigate in detail the correlations of the currents measured at two different contacts of a four-probe sample, where two of the probes are only weakly coupled contacts. In particular, we show that the correlations of the currents are at zero-temperature given by spatially non-diagonal injectivities and emissivities. These non-diagonal densities are sensitive to correlations of wave functions and the phase of the wave functions. We consider ballistic conductors and metallic diffusive conductors. We also analyze the Aharonov-Bohm oscillations in the shot noise correlations of a conductor which in the absence of the nano-contacts exhibits no flux-sensitivity in the conductance.
Buttiker Markus
Gramespacher Thomas
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