Physics – Condensed Matter – Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Scientific paper
2011-12-06
Physics
Condensed Matter
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
17 pages, 4 figures
Scientific paper
Graphene, an atomic monolayer formed by carbon hexagons, is a novel material with extraordinary electrical and optical properties. Consequently, there is a growing interest in graphene optoelectronics and first demonstrations of graphene-based photodetectors, optical modulators6, plasmonic devices and ultra-fast lasers have been reported. Due to its two-dimensional geometry, graphene is ideally suited for enclosure within a planar {\lambda}/2 microcavity, a photonic structure that confines optical fields between two highly reflecting mirrors with a spacing of only one half wavelength of light. The optical confinement could provide a powerful means of controlling the otherwise featureless optical absorption as well as the spectrally broad thermal emission of graphene. Here we report the monolithic integration of a graphene transistor with a planar optical microcavity. We find that both photocurrent generation as well as electrically excited, thermal light emission of graphene can be controlled by the spectral properties of the microcavity. The device constitutes a first implementation of a cavity-enhanced graphene light detector, as well as a demonstration of a fully integrated, narrow-band thermal light source. Most importantly, the optical confinement of graphene by the microcavity profoundly modifies the electrical transport characteristics of the integrated graphene transistor. The modifications of the electrical transport can be related to the microcavity-induced enhancement or inhibition of spontaneous emission of thermal photons. The concept of optical confinement of graphene enables a new class of functional devices as, for example, spectrally selective and highly directional light emitters, detectors, and modulators. Moreover, it opens up the opportunity for investigating fundamental, cavity-induced modifications of light-matter interactions in graphene.
Avouris Phaedon
Engel Michael
Ferrari Andrea Carlo
Krupke Ralph
Loehneysen Hilbert von
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