Layered ferromagnet-superconductor structures: the $π$ state and proximity effects

Physics – Condensed Matter – Superconductivity

Scientific paper

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12 pages, 10 Figures

Scientific paper

10.1103/PhysRevB.69.014517

We investigate clean mutilayered structures of the SFS and SFSFS type, (where the S layer is intrinsically superconducting and the F layer is ferromagnetic) through numerical solution of the self-consistent Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations for these systems. We obtain results for the pair amplitude, the local density of states, and the local magnetic moment. We find that as a function of the thickness $d_F$ of the magnetic layers separating adjacent superconductors, the ground state energy varies periodically between two stable states. The first state is an ordinary "0-state", in which the order parameter has a phase difference of zero between consecutive S layers, and the second is a "$\pi$-state", where the sign alternates, corresponding to a phase difference of $\pi$ between adjacent S layers. This behavior can be understood from simple arguments. The density of states and the local magnetic moment reflect also this periodicity.

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