Physics – Condensed Matter – Quantum Gases
Scientific paper
2010-01-19
Article in "Optical Generation and Control of Quantum Coherence in Semiconductor Nanostructures", Eds. G. Slavcheva and P. Rou
Physics
Condensed Matter
Quantum Gases
Scientific paper
10.1007/978-3-642-12491-4_12
Solid state quantum condensates often differ from previous examples of condensates (such as Helium, ultra-cold atomic gases, and superconductors) in that the quasiparticles condensing have relatively short lifetimes, and so as for lasers, external pumping is required to maintain a steady state. On the other hand, compared to lasers, the quasiparticles are generally more strongly interacting, and therefore better able to thermalise. This leads to questions of how to describe such non-equilibrium condensates, and their relation to equilibrium condensates and lasers. This chapter discusses in detail how the non-equilibrium Green's function approach can be applied to the description of such a non-equilibrium condensate, in particular, a system of microcavity polaritons, driven out of equilibrium by coupling to multiple baths. By considering the steady states, and fluctuations about them, it is possible to provide a description that relates both to equilibrium condensation and to lasing, while at the same time, making clear the differences from simple lasers.
Keeling Jonathan
Littlewood Peter B.
Szymanska Marzena H.
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