Ions of Martian origin and plasma sheet in the Martian magnetosphere - Initial results of the TAUS experiment

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Magnetospheric Ion Density, Mars Atmosphere, Mars Probes, Planetary Magnetospheres, Plasma Layers, Spaceborne Experiments, Geomagnetic Tail, Solar Planetary Interactions, Solar Wind, Soviet Spacecraft, Spacecraft Instruments

Scientific paper

The TAUS instrument on Phobos 2 was designed so that the energy per charge and angular spectra of H(+), He(+), and 'heavy ions' could be measured separately. In all orbits around Mars, a sharp boundary separating the shocked solar wind from the Martian magnetosphere was found which was characterized by the absence of solar wind-like plasma. The plasma inside the magnetosphere, and particularly in the tail, was dominated by heavy ions with number densities orders of magnitude higher than found in the solar wind. Heavy ions of low tailward flow velocity were seen near the boundary of the magnetotail, whereas high-speed tailward plasma flows of such ions were detected deeper inside the tail. A plasma regime characterized by highly supersonic tailward streams of heavy ions was detected near the center of the Martian magnetotail. The flux of planetary ions leaving Mars through its magnetotail is tentatively estimated to be of the orders of a few times 10 to the 25th/s.

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