Physics – Condensed Matter – Statistical Mechanics
Scientific paper
2009-07-20
Journal of Physics D 42, 214014 (2009)
Physics
Condensed Matter
Statistical Mechanics
38 pages, invited review for J. Phys. D cluster issue on "Fracture: from the Atomic to the Geophysics Scale"
Scientific paper
10.1088/0022-3727/42/21/214014
Stress enhancement in the vicinity of brittle cracks makes the macro-scale failure properties extremely sensitive to the micro-scale material disorder. Therefore: (i) Fracturing systems often display a jerky dynamics, so-called crackling noise, with seemingly random sudden energy release spanning over a broad range of scales, reminiscent of earthquakes; (ii) Fracture surfaces exhibit roughness at scales much larger than that of material micro-structure. Here, I provide a critical review of experiments and simulations performed in this context, highlighting the existence of universal scaling features, independent of both the material and the loading conditions, reminiscent of critical phenomena. I finally discuss recent stochastic descriptions of crack growth in brittle disordered media that seem to capture qualitatively - and sometimes quantitatively - these scaling features.
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