In-situ Observation of Incompressible Mott-Insulating Domains of Ultracold Atomic Gases

Details In-situ Observation of Incompressible Mott-Insulating Domains of Ultracold Atomic Gases In-situ Observation of Incompressible Mott-Insulating Domains of Ultracold Atomic Gases

2009-04-09

arxiv.org/abs/0904.1532v1

Nature 460, 995 (2009)

Physics

Condensed Matter

Quantum Gases

Scientific paper

We present a direct measurement of the density profile of a two-dimensional Mott Insulator formed by ultracold atoms in an optical lattice. High resolution absorption imaging is used to probe the "wedding-cake" structure of a trapped gas as it crosses the boundary from a unit-filled Mott insulating phase to the superfluid phase at finite temperature. Detailed analysis of images yields measurements of temperature and local compressibility; for the latter we observe a strong suppression deep in the Mott-insulating phase, which is recovered for the superfluid and normal phases. Furthermore, we measure spatially resolved fluctuations in the local density, showing a suppression of fluctuations in the insulator. Results are consistent with the fluctuation-dissipation theorem for insulator, superfluid and normal gas.

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