Impact on Soft Sand: Void Collapse and Jet Formation

Details Impact on Soft Sand: Void Collapse and Jet Formation Impact on Soft Sand: Void Collapse and Jet Formation

Nov 2004

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2004phrvl..93s8003l&link_type=abstract

Physical Review Letters, vol. 93, Issue 19, id. 198003

Physics

66

Granular Systems, Impacts, Cratering

Scientific paper

Very fine sand is prepared in a well-defined and fully decompactified state by letting gas bubble through it. After turning off the gas stream, a steel ball is dropped on the sand. On impact of the ball, sand is blown away in all directions (“splash”) and an impact crater forms. When this cavity collapses, a granular jet emerges and is driven straight into the air. A second jet goes downwards into the air bubble entrained during the process, thus pushing surface material deep into the ground. The air bubble rises slowly towards the surface, causing a granular eruption. In addition to the experiments and the discrete particle simulations we present a simple continuum theory to account for the void collapse leading to the formation of the upward and downward jets.

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