Hydrodynamic solitons in polariton superfluids

Details Hydrodynamic solitons in polariton superfluids Hydrodynamic solitons in polariton superfluids

2011-01-13

arxiv.org/abs/1101.2530v1

Science 332, 1167-1170 (2011)

Physics

Condensed Matter

Quantum Gases

12 pages, 4+2 figures

Scientific paper

10.1126/science.1202307

A quantum fluid passing an obstacle behaves very differently from a classical one. When the flow is slow enough, there are no waves and whirlpools formed around the obstacle, due to the spectacular phenomenon of superfluidity. For higher flow velocities, it has been predicted that the currents created by the obstacle give rise to a turbulent emission of quantised vortices and to the formation of solitons, straight solitary waves. Here we report the observation of a rich variety of quantum hydrodynamic effects and of the transition from superfluidity to quantum turbulence and to solitons in a flow of exciton-polaritons on the wake of a defect in a semiconductor microcavity. This has been possible thanks to the remarkable control of the fluid velocity and density of the polariton system.

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