Physics – Condensed Matter – Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Scientific paper
2001-08-09
Physics Review B 65, 075315(2002)
Physics
Condensed Matter
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
23 pages, 10 figures, LaTex
Scientific paper
10.1103/PhysRevB.65.075315
The ac Josephson effect in hybrid systems of a normal mesoscopic conductor coupled to two superconducting (S) leads is investigated theoretically. A general formula of the ac components of time-dependent current is derived which is valid for arbitrary interactions in the normal region. We apply this formula to analyze a S-normal-S system where the normal region is a noninteracting single level quantum dot. We report the physical behavior of time-averaged nonequilibrium distribution of electrons in the quantum dot, the formation of Andreev bound states, and ac components of the time-dependent current. The distribution is found to exhibit a population inversion; and all Andreev bound states between the superconducting gap $\Delta$ carry the same amount of current and in the same flow direction. The ac components of time-dependent current show strong oscillatory behavior in marked contrast to the subharmonic gap structure of the average current.
Guo Hong
Sun Qing-feng
Wang Jian
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