Giant Variations of Cooper-Pair Size in Nanoscale Superconductors

Details Giant Variations of Cooper-Pair Size in Nanoscale Superconductors Giant Variations of Cooper-Pair Size in Nanoscale Superconductors

2009-10-13

arxiv.org/abs/0910.2345v1

Physics

Condensed Matter

Superconductivity

Scientific paper

The Cooper-pair size (i.e., the BCS coherence length) in low-dimensional superconductors is dramatically modified by quantum-size effects. In particular, for nanowires made of conventional superconducting materials, we show that the coherence length exhibits size-dependent drops by two-three orders of magnitude and reaches values found in high-$T_c$ superconductors. This phenomenon is surprisingly similar to the well-known BCS-BEC crossover but with one important exception: it is driven by the transverse quantization of the electron spectrum rather than by the strength of the fermion-fermion interaction. Similar results can be expected for other systems with the same structure of the single-particle spectrum, e.g, for superfluid Fermi gases confined in a quantum-wire or quantum-well geometry.

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