Generation of Three-Qubit Entangled States using Superconducting Phase Qubits

Details Generation of Three-Qubit Entangled States using Superconducting Phase Qubits Generation of Three-Qubit Entangled States using Superconducting Phase Qubits

2010-04-24

arxiv.org/abs/1004.4246v2

Physics

Condensed Matter

Superconductivity

9 pages, 5 figures. Version 2: added supplementary information and fixed image distortion in Figure 2.

Scientific paper

Entanglement is one of the key resources required for quantum computation, so experimentally creating and measuring entangled states is of crucial importance in the various physical implementations of a quantum computer. In superconducting qubits, two-qubit entangled states have been demonstrated and used to show violations of Bell's Inequality and to implement simple quantum algorithms. Unlike the two-qubit case, however, where all maximally-entangled two-qubit states are equivalent up to local changes of basis, three qubits can be entangled in two fundamentally different ways, typified by the states $|\mathrm{GHZ}> = (|000> + |111>)/\sqrt{2}$ and $|\mathrm{W}> = (|001> + |010> + |100>)/\sqrt{3}$. Here we demonstrate the operation of three coupled superconducting phase qubits and use them to create and measure $|\mathrm{GHZ}>$ and $|\mathrm{W}>$ states. The states are fully characterized using quantum state tomography and are shown to satisfy entanglement witnesses, confirming that they are indeed examples of three-qubit entanglement and are not separable into mixtures of two-qubit entanglement.

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