Gas-phase clusters - Spanning the states of matter

Physics – Condensed Matter

Scientific paper

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46

Aggregates, Condensed Matter Physics, Phase Transformations, Vapor Phases, Ultraviolet Spectroscopy, Visible Spectrum

Scientific paper

This paper considers the properties and the behavior of gas-phase clusters, which often display properties that lie between those of the gaseous and the condensed states. It is shown that the display of condensed-state (bulk-state) properties by gas-phase clusters depends on the effect under consideration. Thus, in terms of energetics associated with the solvation of ions, differences between systems disappear at sizes much smaller than those that contribute to the full magnitude of the heat of solvation. Likewise, the spectroscopic difference between clusters and the bulk is very small when the number of solvent molecules reaches one or two shells in size. However, energy transfer and relaxation processes may be considerably different because of the available degrees of freedom in the respective systems. In terms of ionization potentials, many metals rapidly approach the bulk work function if correction is made to account for the ion image potential.

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