Physics – Condensed Matter – Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Scientific paper
2010-06-07
Physica E 43, 748-754 (2011)
Physics
Condensed Matter
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
7 pages, 5 figures, proceedings for nanoPHYS'09 in Tokyo
Scientific paper
10.1016/j.physe.2010.07.043
We study a general problem how the gap in a nonmagnetic band insulator closes by tuning a parameter. We review our recent results on the classification of all the possible gap closing in two and three dimensions. We show that they accompany the change of Z_2 topological numbers, and that the gap closings correspond to phase transitions between the quantum spin Hall and the insulator phases. Interestingly, in inversion-asymmetric three-dimensional systems there appears a gapless phase between the quantum spin Hall and insulator phases. This gapless phase is due to a topological nature of gap-closing points in three dimensions, but not in two dimensions.
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