Full counting statistics of electron transfer between superconductors

Details Full counting statistics of electron transfer between superconductors Full counting statistics of electron transfer between superconductors

2000-12-07

arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0012112v2

Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 197006 (2001)

Physics

Condensed Matter

Superconductivity

5 pages, revtex, 1 figure, includes some remarks omitted in the published version due to length limitation

Scientific paper

10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.197006

We present an extension of the Keldysh-Green's function method, which allows to calculate the full distribution of transmitted particles through a mesoscopic superconductor. The method is applied to the statistics of supercurrent in short contacts. If the current is carried by Andreev bound states the distribution corresponds to switching between long trains of electrons going in opposite directions. For weak (gapless) superconductors or tunnel junctions we find that at low temperatures the distribution has negative `probabilities'. Accounting for the quantum mechanical nature of the measuring device shows that these negative values can indeed be measured.

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