Fractional flux periodicity in tori made of square lattice

Details Fractional flux periodicity in tori made of square lattice Fractional flux periodicity in tori made of square lattice

2004-03-03

arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0403096v2

Prog.Theor.Phys. 111 (2004) 763-780

Physics

Condensed Matter

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics

18 pages, 9 figures, added references and corrected typos (v2)

Scientific paper

10.1143/PTP.111.763

This paper describes a study on fractional flux periodicity of the ground state in planar systems made from a square lattice whose boundary is compacted into a torus. It is pointed out that, in the long length and large diameter limit of a torus, the ground-state energy and persistent currents show a fractional period of the fundamental unit of magnetic flux depending on the twist around the torus axis. We discuss the possible relationship between the twist and genus of a torus, and comment on fractional flux periodicity in a cylinder.

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