Formation of spatial shell structures in the superfluid to Mott insulator transition

Details Formation of spatial shell structures in the superfluid to Mott insulator transition Formation of spatial shell structures in the superfluid to Mott insulator transition

2006-06-23

arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0606592v1

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 060403 (2006)

Physics

Condensed Matter

Other Condensed Matter

Scientific paper

10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.060403

We report on the direct observation of the transition from a compressible superfluid to an incompressible Mott insulator by recording the in-trap density distribution of a Bosonic quantum gas in an optical lattice. Using spatially selective microwave transitions and spin changing collisions, we are able to locally modify the spin state of the trapped quantum gas and record the spatial distribution of lattice sites with different filling factors. As the system evolves from a superfluid to a Mott insulator, we observe the formation of a distinct shell structure, in good agreement with theory.

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