Formation of Large Impact Basins on the Moon: Numerical Simulations of Impact Cratering on Spherical Targets

Physics

Scientific paper

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Basins: Impact, Crater Scaling, Craters: Impact, Crust: Lunar, Mantle: Lunar, Moon: South Pole Aitken Basin

Scientific paper

Numerical simulations of impact cratering on spherical bodies are presented in order to investigate the impact parameters for the formation of South Pole-Aitken (SP-Aitken) basins, whose diameter is larger than the radius of the moon. Results show that some 50 % of the impact energy to form the same size of SP-Aitken basin on the plane target is required to form it on the moon. The excavated depth is approximately estimated as 100 km. The result indicates that possible basin materials of SP-Aitken are (1) mixture of the upper mantle, lower crust, and the exotic ejecta, or (2) undifferentiated primitive mantle materials. Moreover, the impact of a body of about 300km-radius with the velocity of <= 2 km/s can not only form SP-Aitken basin, but supply the excess mass of the crust on the far-side as ejecta.

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