Physics – Condensed Matter – Other Condensed Matter
Scientific paper
2006-05-30
Nature Physics 3, 124 (2007)
Physics
Condensed Matter
Other Condensed Matter
6 pages, 4 figures. Manuscript extended and figures modified. For final version, see Nature Physics
Scientific paper
The two-component Fermi gas is the simplest fermion system displaying superfluidity, and as such finds applications ranging from the theory of superconductivity to QCD. Ultracold atomic gases provide an exceptionally clean realization of this system, where the interatomic interaction and the atom species population are both independent, tuneable parameters. This allows one to investigate the Fermi gas with imbalanced spin populations, which had previously been experimentally elusive, and this prospect has stimulated much theoretical activity. Here we show that the finite temperature phase diagram contains a region of phase separation between the superfluid and normal states that touches the boundary of second-order superfluid transitions at a tricritical point, reminiscent of the phase diagram of $^3$He-$^4$He mixtures. A variation of interaction strength then results in a line of tricritical points that terminates at zero temperature on the molecular Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) side. On this basis, we argue that tricritical points will play an important role in the recent experiments on polarised atomic Fermi gases.
Lamacraft Austen
Marchetti Francesca Maria
Parish Meera M.
Simons Benjamin D.
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