Extraordinary epitaxial alignment of graphene islands on Au (111): toward single-crystal growth

Details Extraordinary epitaxial alignment of graphene islands on Au (111): toward single-crystal growth Extraordinary epitaxial alignment of graphene islands on Au (111): toward single-crystal growth

2012-02-02

arxiv.org/abs/1202.0561v1

Physics

Condensed Matter

Materials Science

Scientific paper

Pristine, single-crystalline graphene displays a unique collection of remarkable electronic properties that arise from its two-dimensional, honeycomb structure. Realizing the full potential of graphene necessitates its production at the wafer scale in single-crystal form, a fundamental materials requirement for advanced electronics. Despite considerable efforts, single crystalline graphene films remain elusive. Using in-situ low-energy electron microscopy, we show that evaporating carbon onto the Au (111) surface forms quasi-single crystalline, epitaxial graphene. The monolayer film results from the coalescence of dendritic graphene islands that nucleate at high density. Over 95% of the islands can be identically aligned with respect to the Au substrate. Remarkably, the dominant island orientation-which aligns the graphene and gold lattices-is not the better lattice-matched 30\circ rotated orientation. Scanning tunneling microscopy and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy show that the epitaxial film is only weakly coupled to the Au surface, which remains reconstructed under the slightly doped p-type graphene. The linear electronic dispersion characteristic of free-standing graphene is retained. That a weakly interacting, non-lattice matched substrate is able to lock graphene into a particular orientation is surprising. This ability, however, makes Au(111) a promising substrate for the growth of single crystalline graphene films.

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