Physics – Condensed Matter – Soft Condensed Matter
Scientific paper
2005-03-03
Physics
Condensed Matter
Soft Condensed Matter
20 pages, 9 figures
Scientific paper
10.1088/0953-8984/17/24/025
Jamming is a common feature of out of equilibrium systems showing slow relaxation dynamics. Here we review our efforts in understanding jamming in granular materials using experiments and computer simulations. We first obtain an estimation of an effective temperature for a slowly sheared granular material very close to jamming. The measurement of the effective temperature is realized in the laboratory by slowly shearing a closely-packed ensemble of spherical beads confined by an external pressure in a Couette geometry. All the probe particles, independent of their characteristic features, equilibrate at the same temperature, given by the packing density of the system. This suggests that the effective temperature is a state variable for the nearly jammed system. Then we investigate numerically whether the effective temperature can be obtained from a flat average over the jammed configuration at a given energy in the granular packing, as postulated by the thermodynamic approach to grains.
Makse Hernan A.
Potiguar Fabricio
Song Chaoming
Wang Ping
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