Physics – Condensed Matter – Statistical Mechanics
Scientific paper
2011-06-23
Am. J. Phys 79, 777 (2011)
Physics
Condensed Matter
Statistical Mechanics
Scientific paper
The energy of a finite system thermally connected to a thermal reservoir may fluctuate, while the temperature is a constant representing a thermodynamic property of the reservoir. The finite system can also be used as a thermometer for the reservoir. From such a perspective the temperature has an uncertainty, which can be treated within the framework of estimation theory. We review the main results of this theory, and clarify some controversial issues regarding temperature fluctuations. We also offer a simple example of a thermometer with a small number of particles. We discuss the relevance of the total observation time, which must be much longer than the decorrelation time.
Falcioni Marco
Puglisi Alfio
Sarracino Alessandro
Villamaina Dario
Vulpiani Angelo
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