Equilibration rates and negative absolute temperatures for ultracold atoms in optical lattices

Details Equilibration rates and negative absolute temperatures for ultracold atoms in optical lattices Equilibration rates and negative absolute temperatures for ultracold atoms in optical lattices

2010-08-03

arxiv.org/abs/1008.0468v2

Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 220405 (2010)

Physics

Condensed Matter

Quantum Gases

published version, minor changes

Scientific paper

10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.220405

As highly tunable interacting systems, cold atoms in optical lattices are ideal to realize and observe negative absolute temperatures, T < 0. We show theoretically that by reversing the confining potential, stable superfluid condensates at finite momentum and T < 0 can be created with low entropy production for attractive bosons. They may serve as `smoking gun' signatures of equilibrated T < 0. For fermions, we analyze the time scales needed to equilibrate to T < 0. For moderate interactions, the equilibration time is proportional to the square of the radius of the cloud and grows with increasing interaction strengths as atoms and energy are transported by diffusive processes.

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