Energy bands of atomic monolayers of various materials: Possibility of energy gap engineering

Details Energy bands of atomic monolayers of various materials: Possibility of energy gap engineering Energy bands of atomic monolayers of various materials: Possibility of energy gap engineering

2010-04-21

arxiv.org/abs/1004.3638v2

Physica E 42 (2010) 2820-2825

Physics

Condensed Matter

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics

This paper was first presented at the 14th International Conference on Modulated Semiconductor Structures (MSS14) held in Kobe

Scientific paper

10.1016/j.physe.2010.04.031

The mobility of graphene is very high because the quantum Hall effects can be observed even at room temperature. Graphene has the potential of the material for novel devices because of this high mobility. But the energy gap of graphene is zero, so graphene can not be applied to semiconductor devices such as transistors, LEDs, etc. In order to control the energy gaps, we propose atomic monolayers which consist of various materials besides carbon atoms. To examine the energy dispersions of atomic monolayers of various materials, we calculated the electronic states of these atomic monolayers using density functional theory with structural optimizations. The quantum chemical calculation software "Gaussian 03" was used under periodic boundary conditions. The calculation method is LSDA/6-311G(d,p), B3LYP/6-31G(d), or B3LYP/6-311G(d,p). The calculated materials are C (graphene), Si (silicene), Ge, SiC, GeC, GeSi, BN, BP, BAs, AlP, AlAs, GaP, and GaAs. These atomic monolayers can exist in the flat honeycomb shapes. The energy gaps of these atomic monolayers take various values. Ge is a semimetal; AlP, AlAs, GaP, and GaAs are indirect semiconductors; and others are direct semiconductors. We also calculated the change of energy dispersions accompanied by the substitution of the atoms. Our results suggest that the substitution of impurity atoms for monolayer materials can control the energy gaps of the atomic monolayers. We conclude that atomic monolayers of various materials have the potential for novel devices.

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