Physics – Condensed Matter – Quantum Gases
Scientific paper
2011-04-06
Phys. Rev. A 83, 063626 (2011)
Physics
Condensed Matter
Quantum Gases
9+epsilon pages, 7 figures, one appendix added, accepted by Phys. Rev. A
Scientific paper
10.1103/PhysRevA.83.063626
Motivated by the recent experiment on p-orbital band bosons in optical lattices, we study theoretically the quantum phases of Mott insulator and superfluidity in two-dimensions. The system features a novel superfluid phase with transversely staggered orbital current at weak interaction, and a Mott insulator phase with antiferro-orbital order at strong coupling and commensurate filling. We go beyond mean field theory and derive from a microscopic model an effective action that is capable of describing both the p-band Mott insulating and superfluid phases in strong coupling. We further calculate the excitation spectra near the quantum critical point and find two gapless modes away from the tip of the Mott lobe but four gapless modes at the tip. Our effective theory reveals how the phase coherence peak builds up in the Mott regime when approaching the critical point. We also discuss the finite temperature phase transition of p-band superfluidity.
Li Xiaopeng
Liu Vincent W.
Zhao Erhai
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