Physics – Condensed Matter
Scientific paper
1996-03-22
Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 2981 (1996)
Physics
Condensed Matter
4 pages, 2 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett
Scientific paper
10.1103/PhysRevLett.76.2981
A theory is presented for the statistics of the excitation spectrum of a disordered metal grain in contact with a superconductor. A magnetic field is applied to fully break time-reversal symmetry in the grain. Still, an excitation gap of the order of $\delta$ opens up provided $N\Gamma^2\gtrsim 1$. Here $\delta$ is the mean level spacing in the grain, $\Gamma$ the tunnel probability through the contact with the superconductor, and $N$ the number of transverse modes in the contact region. This provides a microscopic justification for the new random-matrix ensemble of Altland and Zirnbauer.
Beenakker C. W. J.
Brouwer Piet. W.
Frahm Klaus M.
Melsen J. A.
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