Disorder strength and field-driven ground state domain formation in artificial spin ice: experiment, simulation and theory

Physics – Condensed Matter – Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics

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Scientific paper

Rotating field ac demagnetization protocols are commonly used to access low energy configurations of artificial spin ice. Recent theoretical work [Z. Budrikis et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 017201 (2010)] has predicted that a simplified rotating constant field protocol applied to finite artificial square ice patterns can create large ground state domains via nucleation and propagation processes starting at array edges. We present an experimental realization of such a protocol and find strong suppression of edge effects and markedly different dependence of ground state ordering on field strength. Simulations incorporating a distribution of switching barrier heights confirm quenched disorder is responsible for these effects. We extend these results by showing analytically that disorder forces incompatible ground state domains to form and thereby blocks complete ground state ordering for all field protocols with constant field strength.

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