Physics – Condensed Matter – Superconductivity
Scientific paper
May 2011
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2011aas...21832003h&link_type=abstract
American Astronomical Society, AAS Meeting #218, #320.03; Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, Vol. 43, 2011
Physics
Condensed Matter
Superconductivity
Scientific paper
The Cassiopeia A supernova remnant contains a young (about 330-yr-old) neutron star which has a carbon atmosphere and shows a notable decline of the surface temperature. We report a new Chandra observation which confirms the previously reported decline rate. The decline is naturally explained by superconductivity and superfluidity of the protons and neutrons in the stellar core. The protons became superconducting early in the life of the neutron star and suppressed the early cooling rate; thus the neutron star remained hot before the (recent) onset of neutron superfluidity. Once the neutrons became superfluid, the Cooper pair formation process produces a splash of neutrino emission, which accelerates the cooling and results in the observed rapid decline of surface temperature. This scenario puts stringent constraints on poorly-known properties of neutron star cores: on the density dependence of the temperature for the transition to neutron superfluidity, on the early onset of proton superfluidity/superconductivity, and on the reduction factor of the Cooper pair formation process by collective effects in superfluid matter. This represents the first direct evidence for nucleon superfluidity in neutron star cores.
Heinke Craig O.
Ho Wynn C. G.
Patnaude Daniel J.
Shternin Peter S.
Yakovlev Dmitry G.
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