Physics – Condensed Matter – Superconductivity
Scientific paper
Jan 2010
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2010aas...21533701m&link_type=abstract
American Astronomical Society, AAS Meeting #215, #337.01; Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, Vol. 42, p.441
Physics
Condensed Matter
Superconductivity
Scientific paper
It is well known that gravitational waves (GW) interact with the background gravitational field of the non-stationary Universe because of their conformal non-invariance. This interaction leads to the parametrical excitation of GW. The largest (resonance) effect occurs for the waves whose wavelengths are of the order of the distance to the horizon of events. Zero rest mass of gravitons leads to the absence of a threshold of parametric excitation. Quasi-resonant excitation modes occur at all stages of the evolution of the Universe - from the moment of its birth until the present day. We have shown that the backreaction effect of quasi-resonant modes on the expansion of the Universe leads to the acceleration of its expansion, i.e. to the effect of dark energy. It is theoretically predicted that the effect of dark energy arises when a macroscopically large number of quasi-resonant modes become a coherent state corresponding to a quantum effect of Bose - condensation of excitations of the gravitational field. Thus, by its very physical nature, the effect of dark energy is similar to two well-known macroscopic quantum effects - superfluidity and superconductivity. For those cases where the condensate of quasi-resonant modes can be considered as the main carrier of energy of the Universe, we have got three exact solutions of one-loop quantum gravity describing the three phase states of the condensate. We have shown that phase transitions are possible between these states. The existence of condensate and phase transitions in it could be reflected in the strong nonlinear oscillations of the Hubble diagram for SNIa. Unfortunately, the oscillations of bolometric brightness of SNIa derived from the existing Hubble diagram are still within the corridor of errors. For this reason, the nonlinear oscillations of the Hubble diagram must be a priority target for studying dark energy by observational astronomy.
Marochnik Leonid
Usikov Daniel
Vereshkov Gregory
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