Physics – Condensed Matter – Other Condensed Matter
Scientific paper
2007-12-11
Nature Phys. 4, 884-889 (2008)
Physics
Condensed Matter
Other Condensed Matter
Scientific paper
10.1038/nphys1074
Understanding strongly correlated quantum systems is a central problem in many areas of physics. The collective behavior of interacting particles gives rise to diverse fundamental phenomena such as confinement in quantum chromodynamics, phase transitions, and electron fractionalization in the quantum Hall regime. While such systems typically involve massive particles, optical photons can also interact with each other in a nonlinear medium. In practice, however, such interactions are often very weak. Here we describe a novel technique that allows the creation of a strongly correlated quantum gas of photons using one-dimensional optical systems with tight field confinement and coherent photon trapping techniques. The confinement enables the generation of large, tunable optical nonlinearities via the interaction of photons with a nearby cold atomic gas. In its extreme, we show that a quantum light field can undergo fermionization in such one-dimensional media, which can be probed via standard photon correlation measurements.
Chang Darrick E.
Demler Eugene A.
Gritsev Vladimir
Lukin Mikhail D.
Morigi Gabriele
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