Crystalline phase in heavy-light mixtures of Fermions

Physics – Condensed Matter – Quantum Gases

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Scientific paper

We consider a system of weakly bound molecules of heavy and light fermionic atoms, formed in their mixture on the positive side of a Feshbach resonance. The molecule-molecule interaction in three dimensions is described by an effective Yukawa potential, and we use the diffusion Monte Carlo method to establish the zero-temperature phase diagram as a function of the mass ratio M/m of the two components. Our results indicate that for a sufficiently large heavy to light mass ratio the system undergoes a gas-crystal phase transition. The minimum mass ratio at which this happens is M/m ~ 180, so that it is impossible to realize the gas-crystal transition in the bulk system. We therefore propose to build a molecular system with very large effective mass ratios by confining the heavy component to a sufficiently deep optical lattice. We show how the effective mass of the heavy component can be made arbitrarily large by increasing the lattice depth, thus leading to a tunable effective mass ratio that can be used to realize a molecular superlattice.

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