Correlated Electrons in Carbon Nanotubes

Details Correlated Electrons in Carbon Nanotubes Correlated Electrons in Carbon Nanotubes

1999-11-26

arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9911427v2

Physics

Condensed Matter

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics

16 pages, 4 figures, Latex style files included, Submitted to Proceedings of Heraeus Workshop WEH219, Hamburg 1999

Scientific paper

Single-wall carbon nanotubes are almost ideal systems for the investigation of exotic many-body effects due to non-Fermi liquid behavior of interacting electrons in one dimension. Recent theoretical and experimental results are reviewed with a focus on electron correlations. Starting from a microscopic lattice model we derive an effective phase Hamiltonian for conducting single-wall nanotubes with arbitrary chirality. The parameters of the Hamiltonian show very weak dependence on the chiral angle, which makes the low-energy physics of conducting nanotubes universal. The temperature-dependent resistivity and frequency-dependent optical conductivity of nanotubes with impurities are evaluated within the Luttinger-like model. Localization effects are studied. In particular, we found that intra-valley and inter-valley electron scattering can not coexist at low energies. Low-energy properties of clean nanotubes are studied beyond the Luttinger liquid approximation. The strongest Mott-like electron instability occurs at half filling. In the Mott insulating phase electrons at different atomic sublattices form characteristic bound states. The energy gaps of $0.01-0.1$ eV occur in all modes of elementary excitations. We finally discuss observability of the Mott insulating phase in transport experiments. The accent is made on the charge transfer from external electrodes which results in a deviation of the electron density from half-filling.

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