Condensed Fraction of an Atomic Bose Gas Induced by Critical Correlations

Details Condensed Fraction of an Atomic Bose Gas Induced by Critical Correlations Condensed Fraction of an Atomic Bose Gas Induced by Critical Correlations

2011-06-30

arxiv.org/abs/1106.6295v1

Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 190403 (2011)

Physics

Condensed Matter

Quantum Gases

4 pages, 3 figures

Scientific paper

10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.190403

We study the condensed fraction of a harmonically-trapped atomic Bose gas at the critical point predicted by mean-field (MF) theory. The non-zero condensed fraction $f_0$ is induced by critical correlations which increase the transition temperature $T_c$ above $\T_c^{MF}$. Unlike the $T_c$ shift in a trapped gas, $f_0$ is sensitive only to the critical behaviour in the quasi-uniform part of the cloud near the trap centre. To leading order in the interaction parameter $a/\lambda_0$, where $a$ is the s-wave scattering length and $\lambda_0$ the thermal wavelength, we expect a universal scaling $f_0 \propto (a/\lambda_0)^4$. We experimentally verify this scaling using a Feshbach resonance to tune $a/\lambda_0$. Further, using the local density approximation, we compare our measurements with the universal result obtained from Monte-Carlo simulations for a uniform system, and find excellent quantitative agreement.

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