Collective and single particle excitations of a trapped Bose gas

Details Collective and single particle excitations of a trapped Bose gas Collective and single particle excitations of a trapped Bose gas

1997-05-23

arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9705240v2

Phys. Rev. A, 56 (1997) 3840

Physics

Condensed Matter

16 pages, REVTeX, 6 figures; misprints corrected; some clarifying remarks included

Scientific paper

10.1103/PhysRevA.56.3840

The density of states of a Bose-condensed gas confined in a harmonic trap is investigated. The predictions of Bogoliubov theory are compared with the ones of Hartree-Fock theory and of the hydrodynamic model. We show that the Hartree-Fock scheme provides an excellent description of the excitation spectrum in a wide range of energy, revealing a major role played by single-particle excitations in these confined systems. The crossover from the hydrodynamic regime, holding at low energies, to the independent particle regime is explicitly explored by studying the frequency of the surface mode as a function of their angular momentum. The applicability of the semiclassical approximation for the excited states is also discussed. We show that the semiclassical approach provides simple and accurate formulae for the density of states and the quantum depletion of the condensate.

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