Physics – Condensed Matter – Quantum Gases
Scientific paper
2010-05-19
Physics
Condensed Matter
Quantum Gases
Scientific paper
The law of diffusion governs the transport of heat and charge in most materials and has diverse applications ranging from the motion of cells to the prizing of stock options in financial markets. Here we investigate the breakdown of diffusion in the transport of fermionic quantum particles on a lattice described by a homogeneous Hubbard model. We observe a crossover from diffusive behaviour in the center of the cloud to a ballistic motion of atoms in its outer regions. This crossover manifests itself in a striking change of the cloud's shape: While it remains round in the diffusive regime, it obtains a square shape when the motion becomes ballistic. Surprisingly, the system exhibits a strong feedback from the ballistic on the diffusive regions characterized by a universal loss rate of particles obeying singular diffusion equations. In addition, the observed dynamics is independent of the sign of the interaction, highlighting a novel, dynamic symmetry of the Hubbard model.
Best Thorsten
Bloch Immanuel
Braun Simon
Demler Eugene
Hackermüller Lucia
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