Best mean-field for condensates

Details Best mean-field for condensates Best mean-field for condensates

2003-10-29

arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0310697v1

Physics Letters A Volume 318, Issue 6, 24 November 2003, Pages 564-569

Physics

Condensed Matter

(11 pages, 2 figures). Physics Letters A Article in Press

Scientific paper

10.1016/j.physleta.2003.09.058

The Gross-Pitaevskii equation assumes that all (identical) bosons of a condensate reside in a single one-particle function. Here, we raise the question whether it always provides the best mean-field ansatz for condensates, leading to the lowest mean-field ground state energy. To this end, we derive a mean-field approach allowing for bosons to reside in several different one-particle functions. The number of bosons in each of these functions is a variational parameter minimizing the energy. The energy and one-particle functions at these optimal numbers can be determined directly. A numerical example is presented demonstrating that the mean-field energy of trapped bosons can be below that provided by the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. Implications are discussed.

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