BEC-BCS crossover, phase transitions and phase separation in polarized resonantly-paired superfluids

Details BEC-BCS crossover, phase transitions and phase separation in polarized resonantly-paired superfluids BEC-BCS crossover, phase transitions and phase separation in polarized resonantly-paired superfluids

2006-07-31

arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0607803v2

Annals of Physics 322, 1790 (2007)

Physics

Condensed Matter

Superconductivity

76 RevTeX pages, 54 figures. Corrected typos. PRB two-column format. To appear in Annals of Physics (already available online

Scientific paper

10.1016/j.aop.2006.09.009

We study resonantly-paired s-wave superfluidity in a degenerate gas of two species (hyperfine states labeled by $\uparrow,\downarrow$) of fermionic atoms when the numbers $N_{\uparrow}$ and $N_{\downarrow}$ of the two species are {\it unequal}, i.e., the system is "polarized". We find that the continuous crossover from the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) limit of tightly-bound diatomic molecules to the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) limit of weakly correlated Cooper pairs, studied extensively at equal populations, is interrupted by a variety of distinct phenomena under an imposed population difference $\Delta N \equiv N_\uparrow - N_\downarrow$. Our findings are summarized by a `` polarization\rq\rq ($\Delta N$) versus Feshbach-resonance detuning ($\delta$) zero-temperature phase diagram, which exhibits regions of phase separation, a periodic FFLO superfluid, a polarized normal Fermi gas and a polarized molecular superfluid consisting of a molecular condensate and a fully polarized Fermi gas. We describe numerous experimental signatures of such phases and the transitions between them, in particular focusing on their spatial structure in the inhomogeneous environment of an atomic trap.

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