Physics – Condensed Matter – Quantum Gases
Scientific paper
2010-08-31
Rev. Mod. Phys. 83, 1523 (2011)
Physics
Condensed Matter
Quantum Gases
Accepted for publication in Reviews of Modern Physics (Colloquium)
Scientific paper
10.1103/RevModPhys.83.1523
When a neutral atom moves in a properly designed laser field, its center-of-mass motion may mimic the dynamics of a charged particle in a magnetic field, with the emergence of a Lorentz-like force. In this Colloquium we present the physical principles at the basis of this artificial (synthetic) magnetism and relate the corresponding Aharonov-Bohm phase to the Berry's phase that emerges when the atom follows adiabatically one of its dressed states. We also discuss some manifestations of artificial magnetism for a cold quantum gas, in particular in terms of vortex nucleation. We then generalise our analysis to the simulation of non-Abelian gauge potentials and present some striking consequences, such as the emergence of an effective spin-orbit coupling. We address both the case of bulk gases and discrete systems, where atoms are trapped in an optical lattice.
Dalibard Jean
Gerbier Fabrice
Juzeliunas Gediminas
Ohberg Patrik
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