Physics – Condensed Matter – Materials Science
Scientific paper
2007-12-05
J. Appl. Phys. 103, 084902 (2008), http://jap.aip.org/
Physics
Condensed Matter
Materials Science
9 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in the Journal of Applied Physics
Scientific paper
10.1063/1.2906131
We perform broadband phase sensitive measurements of the reflection coefficient from 45 MHz up to 20 GHz employing a vector network analyzer with a 2.4 mm coaxial sensor which is terminated by the sample under test. While the material parameters (conductivity and permittivity) can be easily extracted from the obtained impedance data if the sample is metallic, no direct solution is possible if the material under investigation is an insulator. Focusing on doped semiconductors with largely varying conductivity, here we present a closed calibration and evaluation procedure for frequencies up to 5 GHz, based on the rigorous solution for the electromagnetic field distribution inside the sample combined with the variational principle; basically no limiting assumptions are necessary. A simple static model based on the electric current distribution proves to yield the same frequency dependence of the complex conductivity up to 1 GHz. After a critical discussion we apply the developed method to the hopping transport in Si:P at temperature down to 1 K.
Dressel Martin
Ritz Elvira
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