Adiabatic quantization of Andreev levels

Details Adiabatic quantization of Andreev levels Adiabatic quantization of Andreev levels

2002-08-09

arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0208192v3

Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 116801 (2003)

Physics

Condensed Matter

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics

4 pages, 3 figures

Scientific paper

10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.116801

We identify the time $T$ between Andreev reflections as a classical adiabatic invariant in a ballistic chaotic cavity (Lyapunov exponent $\lambda$), coupled to a superconductor by an $N$-mode point contact. Quantization of the adiabatically invariant torus in phase space gives a discrete set of periods $T_{n}$, which in turn generate a ladder of excited states $\epsilon_{nm}=(m+1/2)\pi\hbar/T_{n}$. The largest quantized period is the Ehrenfest time $T_{0}=\lambda^{-1}\ln N$. Projection of the invariant torus onto the coordinate plane shows that the wave functions inside the cavity are squeezed to a transverse dimension $W/\sqrt{N}$, much below the width $W$ of the point contact.

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