Physics – Condensed Matter
Scientific paper
1995-09-25
Physics
Condensed Matter
12 Pages, REVTEX 3.0, 3 figures available upon request
Scientific paper
10.1103/PhysRevB.53.R1705
Starting from the quasiclassical equations for non-equilibrium Green's functions we derive a simple kinetic equation that governs ac Josephson effect in a superconducting quantum point contact at small bias voltages. In contrast to existing approaches the kinetic equation is valid for voltages with arbitrary time dependence. We use this equation to calculate frequency-dependent linear conductance, and dc $I\!-\!V$ characteristics with and without microwave radiation for resistively shunted quantum point contacts. A novel feature of the $I\!-\!V$ characteristics is the excess current $2I_c/\pi$ appearing at small voltages. An important by-product of our derivation is the analytical proof that the microscopic expression for the current coincides at arbitrary voltages with the expression that follows from the Bogolyubov-de Gennes equations, if one uses appropriate amplitudes of Andreev reflection which contain information about microscopic structure of the superconductors.
Averin Dmitri
Bardas Athanassios
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